class12 contemporary world politics , ncert notes
Meaning of Globalisation
Globalization deals with various kinds of flows. Like Ideas moving from one part of the country to another, movement of people, capital movement, commodities in short, Globalization is about flows of ideas, capital , commodities and people.
Features of Globalisation
- Crucial element is "Worldwide interconnectedness "
- Multidimensional concept . It has economic, political and cultural dimensions.
- It's impact is uneven as it affects some parts of some societies.
- Contemporary globalization- It is the scale and speed of these flows that account for the uniqueness of globalisation in contemporary times.Positive example of globalisation (Flows of services, goods, values).
- Janardhan works in a call center.His clients belong to overseas. His working hours and holidays are based on foreign countries' calendars - flow of services.
- Ramdhari buys a cycle for her daughter which is manufactured in China being marketed in India and last year bought a doll which is manufactured in the USA but marketed in India - flow of goods.
- Sarika wanted to do a job and independent career but was opposed by her relatives - values conflict .
Negative example of globalisation
- Commit suicide as they had what expensive seed from MNC.
- An Indian company bought a rival European country.
- International companies open retail chains in countries where shopkeepers fear they will lose their job.
- A Mumbai filmmaker steals a story for a film from Hollywood.
- Militant groups threaten girls not to wear Western clothes .
Causes of Globalisation
- Technology - revolutionised
- Create nationalism
- Effect collective lives
- Ease the movement
- Communications- event in one county impact other
- Example tsunami , corona .
Political consequences of globalisation
Negative -
- Erosion of state capacity.
- Welfare state converting into minimalist.
- Market determinate eco & social priorities.
- Entry & increased role of MNC leads to reduction in capacity of gov.
Positive -
- Globalization does not always reduce state capacity.
- State continues to discharge it's essential function.(Law & order)
- state capacity boost as the state can collect information about its citizens.
Economic consequences
- Mainly the IMF & WTO determine economic policies in the world.
- It also depends upon distribution economic gains that is who get more from Globalisation & who get less indeed who loses from it .
- It involves greater economic flow, some of this is voluntary & some forced by international & powerful institutions.
- It involves greater trade in commodities across the globe.
- Import restrictions imposed by other countries have been reduced.
- Now investors can invest in rich and developed countries.
- Led to the flow of Ideas across National boundaries.
Negative -
- Countries carefully guard their borders with visa policies to ensure that citizens of other countries cannot take away the jobs of their own citizens.
- It points out that it is likely to benefit only a small section of the population.
- Need to ensure institutional safeguards for creating social safety nets to minimise the negative effect of globalisation on those who are economically weak.
- Safety nets are insufficient or unworkable.
- It halts economic growth.
- Economists have described economic globalisation as recolonization.
positive-
- Argues that it generates greater economic growth and well-being for a larger section of the population when there is deregulation.
- Economic globalization is inevitable and not wise to resist.
- Increased momentum toward interdependence and integration between Government, business and ordinary people in different parts of the world cannot be denied.
Cultural consequences
- It affects what we eat, drink, and wear.
- It shapes our preferences
Negative
- Size of the uniform culture is called cultural mujhe homogenisation.
- The culture of a politically and economically dominant society leaves its imprint on a less powerful society.
- McDonaldization of the world with cultures seeking to buy into the dominant American dream.
- Shrinking of rich cultural heritage of the entire globe.
Positive-
- Cultures are not static things.
- It in large are choices and modify our culture without overwhelming the tradition.
- No substitute for masala dosa with burger.
- Blue jeans can go well with khadi kurta
- Cultural heterogenization is an aspect of globalisation as it leads to each culture becoming more different and distinctive.
India & Globalization
- Earlier - During the colonial period India became an exporter of primary goods and raw material and a consumer of finished goods.
- After Independence - Decided not to allow others to export to the US so that our own producer could learn protectionism.
- Negative aspects - health , housing and primary education did not receive attention which leads to Slow economic growth.
- After 1991- India embarked on economic growth.
Resistance to Globalisation
Left wing -
- It is a phase of global capitalism that makes rich richer and poor poorer.
- Weakening of state leads to reduced capacity.
Right wing -
- Political - fear of state.
- Economical - return to self Reliance.
- Cultural- tradition culture will be harmed.
Anti globalisation movement
- Globalization movement too participated .They opposed Specific form of globalisation that is imperialism.
- WTO -
1999(date of meeting), the World Trade organisation ministerial meeting there was widespread protest at Seattle ( place) for unfair trading practices by the economically powerful States.( Purpose of meeting).It Argues that the interest of developing words is not given sufficient importance in evolving the global economic system.
Social forums
- A global platform which brings together wide coalitions composed of human rights , activist, environmentalist, labour ,youth which are opposed to new liberal globalisation.
First meeting of world social forum
- Place- porto Alegre , Brazil
- Year of meeting- 2001
Fourth meeting of world social forum
- Place -Mumbai
- Year of meeting- 2014.
Latest meeting
- Place - Brazil
- Year of meeting- 2018
India And Resistance to Globalisation
Left wing -
- Protest to economic liberalisation with the help of political parties and Indian social forums.
- Protest organised by workforce, trade union farmers etc .
Opposition
- The patenting of certain plants like Neem by American and European firms has also generated considerable opposition Political Right
- Objecting cultural influences - ranging from the availability of foreign T.V Channels provided by cable networks , celebration of valentine , Western dress taste of girls etc .
For more clarification referr my handwritten notes 👇
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